Sagging skin is primarily caused by the natural aging process, as the production of collagen and elastin—proteins that provide skin with firmness and elasticity—declines over time. This loss leads to skin loosening and sagging. Sun exposure accelerates this process, causing photoaging and further weakening of the skin’s support structure. Other factors, such as smoking, dehydration, poor diet, and a lack of sleep, can also contribute by damaging the skin’s ability to regenerate and maintain moisture.

Dull skin can be caused by several factors, often linked to a buildup of dead skin cells, poor circulation, or dehydration. As we age, skin cell turnover slows, leading to a lack of radiance. Sun damage can also cause uneven skin tone, making skin appear lackluster.

Acne scarring occurs when inflamed acne lesions damage the skin’s deeper layers, causing tissue loss or irregular healing. There are two main types: atrophic scars, which are sunken or pitted, and hypertrophic scars, which are raised and thick. Atrophic scars result from a loss of collagen, while hypertrophic scars occur due to excess collagen production. Factors like picking at acne, severe breakouts, and delayed treatment can worsen scarring.

Stretch marks, or striae, occur when the skin is stretched rapidly due to factors like pregnancy, puberty, rapid weight gain, or certain medical conditions. The skin’s collagen and elastin fibers tear under pressure, leading to visible, often red or purple marks that fade to a lighter color over time. Hormonal changes, particularly involving corticosteroids, can also weaken the skin’s elasticity. Treatments for stretch marks include topical creams with retinoids or hyaluronic acid, which can improve skin texture.